電能管理系統(tǒng)在商業(yè)廣場(chǎng)的應(yīng)用

安科瑞 陳聰

 Application of Energy Management System in Commercial Plaza

摘要：介紹某國際商業(yè)廣場(chǎng)項(xiàng)目，采用智能電力儀表、采集配電現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的各種電參量、開關(guān)信號(hào)。系統(tǒng)采用現(xiàn)場(chǎng)就地組網(wǎng)的方式，組網(wǎng)后通過現(xiàn)場(chǎng)總線通訊并遠(yuǎn)傳至后臺(tái)，通過Acrel-3000型電能管理系統(tǒng)實(shí)現(xiàn)樓層及配電房回路用電的實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)控和管理。

Abstract: Introduce an international commercial plaza project, which adopts smart power meters to collect various electrical parameters and switch signals at the distribution site. The system adopts the method of on-site networking. After networking, it communicates via fieldbus and transmits it to the background. The Acrel-3000 power management system realizes real-time monitoring and management of the power consumption of floors and power distribution rooms.

關(guān)鍵詞：智能電力儀表；Acrel-3000；電能管理系統(tǒng);

Keywords: intelligent power meter; Acrel-3000; Energy management system;

0 概述 Overview

該項(xiàng)目位于某經(jīng)濟(jì)開發(fā)區(qū)核心，區(qū)域內(nèi)發(fā)展成熟，配套完善、交通便捷。本項(xiàng)目為現(xiàn)場(chǎng)各樓層配電間的用能改造?，F(xiàn)場(chǎng)757個(gè)配電出線回路安裝757臺(tái)多功能電表采集現(xiàn)場(chǎng)數(shù)據(jù)。

The project is located in the core of an economic development zone, with mature development, complete supporting facilities and convenient transportation. This project is the energy utilization transformation of the distribution rooms on each floor of the site. On-site 757 power distribution outgoing circuits were installed with 757 multi-function meters to collect field data.

1 需求分析 Demand Analysis

為保證生產(chǎn)管理用電負(fù)荷的統(tǒng)計(jì)與分析及對(duì)危險(xiǎn)源實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)控。需要對(duì)項(xiàng)目現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的各配電箱等電氣設(shè)備進(jìn)行電壓、電流、功率等參數(shù)進(jìn)行實(shí)時(shí)在線監(jiān)控。一旦監(jiān)控點(diǎn)被監(jiān)視參數(shù)異常，能夠及時(shí)檢測(cè)報(bào)警，有關(guān)人員采取必要的措施，避免安全事故的發(fā)生。自動(dòng)抄表功能節(jié)省了人力物力，功率趨勢(shì)曲線功能能夠直觀的顯示各回路的工作狀態(tài)與時(shí)間，方便用戶找出非正常用電回路并且及時(shí)進(jìn)行整改，建立電能多級(jí)計(jì)量體系提供用能分析依據(jù)。

本技術(shù)條件適用于該項(xiàng)目的回路進(jìn)出線回路。供方產(chǎn)品應(yīng)具有高安全性與可靠性、易于擴(kuò)展、便于維修與維護(hù)。供方提供的產(chǎn)品應(yīng)至少滿足本技術(shù)條件，但不僅于此，其技術(shù)性能應(yīng)滿足對(duì)設(shè)備配電箱數(shù)據(jù)監(jiān)控的要求。

To ensure the statistics and analysis of electricity load for production management and real-time monitoring of hazard sources. Real-time online monitoring of voltage, current, power and other parameters of electrical equipment such as distribution boxes on the project site is required. Once the monitoring point is monitored with abnormal parameters, it can detect and alarm in time, and relevant personnel can take necessary measures to avoid safety accidents. The automatic meter reading function saves manpower and material resources. The power trend curve function can intuitively display the working status and time of each circuit, which is convenient for users to find abnormal power circuits and make corrections in time, and establish a multi-level electrical energy measurement system to provide energy analysis basis .

This technical condition applies to the incoming and outgoing circuits of the project. The supplier's products should have high safety and reliability, easy to expand, easy to repair and maintain. The products provided by the supplier shall meet the technical requirements at least, but not only this, but the technical performance shall meet the requirements for data monitoring of the equipment distribution box.

1.1 數(shù)據(jù)采集 Data Collection

自動(dòng)采集現(xiàn)場(chǎng)所有電量?jī)x表的模擬量數(shù)據(jù)，自動(dòng)采集現(xiàn)場(chǎng)開關(guān)狀態(tài)以及故障狀態(tài)等開關(guān)量數(shù)據(jù)。

支持實(shí)時(shí)采集、自動(dòng)周期采集（定時(shí)采集）可配置周期（1分鐘～24小時(shí)）。

支持?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)傳輸正確性檢驗(yàn)，異常數(shù)據(jù)自動(dòng)處理。

支持多線程處理機(jī)制，提高數(shù)據(jù)采集效率，能同時(shí)對(duì)多個(gè)設(shè)備進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)采集。

數(shù)據(jù)實(shí)時(shí)顯示采用配電箱主接線圖直觀顯示模式，各回路開關(guān)斷合以及故障狀態(tài)直觀可見。

Automatically collect analog data of all power meters on site, and automatically collect on-site switching data such as on-site switch status and fault status.

Support real-time collection, automatic periodic collection (timing collection) configurable cycle (1 minute to 24 hours).

Support data transmission correctness inspection, automatic processing of abnormal data.

Support multi-threaded processing mechanism, improve the efficiency of data collection, and can collect data from multiple devices at the same time.

The real-time data display adopts the intuitive display mode of the main wiring diagram of the distribution box, and the disconnection and fault status of each circuit switch are intuitively visible.

1.2 數(shù)據(jù)分析與處理 Data Analysis And Processing

數(shù)據(jù)的綜合統(tǒng)計(jì)、分析需要實(shí)現(xiàn)以下功能：

各設(shè)備用電數(shù)據(jù)小時(shí)、日、月、年等時(shí)間段內(nèi)的統(tǒng)計(jì)、計(jì)算。

各設(shè)備的用電負(fù)荷（有功、無功）大、小、平均值計(jì)算。

統(tǒng)計(jì)各分站及整體的用電量（有功、無功）。

Comprehensive statistics and analysis of data need to achieve the following functions:

Statistics and calculation of the electricity consumption data of each equipment within hours, days, months, years and other time periods.

Calculate the large, small and average value of the electrical load (active power, reactive power) of each device.

Count the power consumption (active power and reactive power) of each substation and the whole.

1.3 數(shù)據(jù)查詢與展示 Data Query And Display

要求能方便實(shí)現(xiàn)客戶端查詢和各級(jí)管理人員的查詢，查詢界面能適應(yīng)各級(jí)管理人員的要求能夠支持靈活的條件組合查詢和對(duì)比分析，各類統(tǒng)計(jì)分析的數(shù)據(jù)可靈活采用報(bào)表等多種圖表方式直觀的展示功能。

數(shù)據(jù)展示功能按照不同用戶的不同的權(quán)限，分為操作層、管理層、決策層三層用能展示。

操作層具備用能分析、累計(jì)用量、實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)測(cè)、運(yùn)行記錄及比例、對(duì)比、對(duì)標(biāo)分析等功能。

管理層具備用能數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)和分析、分類分項(xiàng)的對(duì)比、對(duì)標(biāo)分析等功能。

決策層具備用能數(shù)據(jù)分析、數(shù)據(jù)刪除、數(shù)據(jù)庫導(dǎo)入/導(dǎo)出等功能。

It is required to facilitate the realization of client query and query of managers at all levels. The query interface can adapt to the requirements of managers at all levels. It can support flexible condition combination query and comparative analysis. Various types of statistical analysis data can be flexibly used in reports and other charts. Intuitive display function.

According to the different permissions of different users, the data display function is divided into three layers: operation layer, management layer, and decision-making layer.

The operation layer has functions such as energy consumption analysis, cumulative consumption, real-time monitoring, running records and ratios, comparison, and benchmarking analysis.

The management has functions such as statistics and analysis of energy consumption data, comparison of classification and sub-items, and benchmarking analysis.

The decision-making layer has functions such as energy data analysis, data deletion, and database import/export.

1.4 權(quán)限管理 Authority Management

要求對(duì)不同用戶賦予不同角色的權(quán)限，能授權(quán)到功能子菜單、具體檔案記錄、數(shù)據(jù)記錄等。

系統(tǒng)要求具備合理完善的用戶安全控制機(jī)制，能使應(yīng)用環(huán)境中的信息資源得到保護(hù)，防止信息的丟失、失竊和破壞。

It is required to assign different roles to different users, and be able to authorize function sub-menus, specific file records, data records, etc.

The system requires a reasonable and complete user security control mechanism to protect the information resources in the application environment and prevent the loss, theft and destruction of information.

1.5 節(jié)能改造及效果評(píng)估 Energy-Saving Renovation And Effect Evaluation

要求為生產(chǎn)節(jié)能改造提供數(shù)據(jù)支撐，并能提供節(jié)能改造前后的效果評(píng)估。

It is required to provide data support for the energy-saving transformation of production, and provide the effect evaluation before and after the energy-saving transformation.

1.6 參數(shù)設(shè)置 Parameter Settings

可通過采集柜設(shè)置各回路互感器變比，各種電流電壓保護(hù)整定值。

故障判斷與報(bào)警具有故障自動(dòng)判斷并采用聲光方式報(bào)警功能。報(bào)警類型包括開關(guān)故障，電壓、電流超限，現(xiàn)場(chǎng)采集模塊通訊故障，與監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)通訊故障等。報(bào)警時(shí)間自動(dòng)記入系統(tǒng)數(shù)據(jù)庫，方便用戶查詢，工作人員可隨時(shí)掌握變配電站實(shí)時(shí)運(yùn)行狀態(tài)，發(fā)現(xiàn)變配電運(yùn)行故障并作出相應(yīng)處理，提高變配電的管理效率，提升電力系統(tǒng)安全性、可靠性。

The transformer ratio of each loop and the setting value of various current and voltage protection can be set through the acquisition cabinet.

Fault judgment and alarm have automatic fault judgment and use sound and light alarm function. Alarm types include switch failures, voltage and current overruns, communication failures of the field acquisition module, and communication failures with the monitoring system. The alarm time is automatically recorded in the system database, which is convenient for users to inquire. The staff can grasp the real-time operation status of the substation at any time, find the operation failure of the substation and distribution, and make corresponding treatments, improve the management efficiency of the substation and distribution, and enhance the safety of the power system. reliability.

2 系統(tǒng)方案 System Solutions

安科瑞Acrel-3000系統(tǒng)根據(jù)該項(xiàng)目的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)實(shí)際情況，整體網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)采用屏蔽雙絞線直接接至監(jiān)控室的對(duì)應(yīng)的數(shù)據(jù)采集器然后通過網(wǎng)線直接接至監(jiān)控主機(jī)，保障了電能管理監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)傳輸?shù)姆€(wěn)定性與實(shí)時(shí)性。如下圖所示：站控管理層、網(wǎng)絡(luò)通訊層和現(xiàn)場(chǎng)設(shè)備層。

According to the actual situation of the project site, the Acrel-3000 system uses shielded twisted-pair cable to connect directly to the corresponding data collector in the monitoring room and then directly connects to the monitoring host through the network cable, ensuring the transmission of the power management monitoring system. The stability and real-time performance. As shown in the figure below: station control management layer, network communication layer and field device layer.

現(xiàn)場(chǎng)共計(jì)140只多功能儀表分為12條RS485總線接至配電房的監(jiān)控工控機(jī)，實(shí)現(xiàn)總線上儀表與監(jiān)控主機(jī)的數(shù)據(jù)連通。

A total of 140 multi-function instruments on site are divided into 12 RS485 buses connected to the monitoring industrial computer in the power distribution room to realize the data connection between the instruments on the bus and the monitoring host.

1）站控管理層 Station Control Management

站控管理層針對(duì)電力監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)的管理人員，是人機(jī)交互的直接窗口。在該項(xiàng)目中主要指置于配電房的監(jiān)控主機(jī)。

The station control management layer is the direct window of human-computer interaction for the management personnel of the power monitoring system. In this project, it mainly refers to the monitoring host placed in the power distribution room.

2）網(wǎng)絡(luò)通訊層 Network Communication Layer

 通訊層主要是由監(jiān)控工控機(jī)的通訊串口、以太網(wǎng)設(shè)備及總線網(wǎng)絡(luò)組成。串口主要功能是監(jiān)測(cè)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)智能儀表；以太網(wǎng)設(shè)備及總線網(wǎng)絡(luò)的主要功能是實(shí)現(xiàn)分站與主站之間的數(shù)據(jù)交互，使配電系統(tǒng)管理集中化、信息化、智能化，很大提高了配電系統(tǒng)的安全性、可靠性和穩(wěn)定性，達(dá)到了無人值守的目的。

The communication layer is mainly composed of the communication serial port of the monitoring industrial computer, Ethernet equipment and bus network. The main function of the serial port is to monitor on-site intelligent instruments; the main function of the Ethernet equipment and the bus network is to realize the data interaction between the substation and the main station, so that the management of the distribution system is centralized, informatized, and intelligent, which greatly improves the distribution The safety, reliability and stability of the electrical system have achieved the goal of unattended operation.

3）現(xiàn)場(chǎng)設(shè)備層 Field Device Layer

現(xiàn)場(chǎng)設(shè)備層是數(shù)據(jù)采集終端，主要由智能儀表組成，智能儀表通過屏蔽雙絞線RS485接口，采用MODBUS通訊協(xié)議總線型連接接入通訊服務(wù)器，經(jīng)通訊服務(wù)器到達(dá)該配電間監(jiān)控主機(jī)進(jìn)行組網(wǎng)，實(shí)現(xiàn)遠(yuǎn)程控制。

The field device layer is the data acquisition terminal, which is mainly composed of smart meters. The smart meters are connected to the communication server through the shielded twisted pair RS485 interface and the MODBUS communication protocol bus connection. The communication server reaches the monitoring host of the power distribution room for networking. Realize remote control.

4) 智能儀表現(xiàn)場(chǎng)連接示意Smart Instrument Connection Diagram

現(xiàn)場(chǎng)儀表以手拉手方式通過屏蔽雙絞線(RVSP2*1.0)進(jìn)行通訊連接，每根總線連接智能儀表數(shù)量在20只左右，不同種類的智能裝置連接在不同的總線上，然后將數(shù)據(jù)上傳至串口服務(wù)器，進(jìn)而將數(shù)據(jù)上傳至當(dāng)?shù)乇O(jiān)控終端。具體連接示意圖如下所示：

Field instruments are connected hand in hand through shielded twisted pair (RVSP2*1.0). The number of smart instruments connected to each bus is about 20. Different types of smart devices are connected to different buses, and then the data is uploaded to the serial port. The server then uploads the data to the local monitoring terminal. The specific connection diagram is as follows:

3 系統(tǒng)功能 System Functions

現(xiàn)場(chǎng)實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)圖為主監(jiān)控畫面，主要實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)測(cè)變電所所有回路的運(yùn)行狀態(tài)，紅色代表合閘，綠色代表分閘。在系統(tǒng)圖中可以直觀的看到每路進(jìn)線和出線的運(yùn)行參數(shù)和狀態(tài)，可以看到變壓器出線側(cè)的所有常規(guī)電力參數(shù)，如：三相電壓、電流、有功功率、無功功率、功率因數(shù)、頻率、有功電度等。如下圖所示：

The on-site real-time monitoring system diagram is the main monitoring screen, which mainly monitors the operating status of all circuits in the substation in real time. Red represents closing and green represents opening. In the system diagram, you can intuitively see the operating parameters and status of each incoming and outgoing line, and you can see all the conventional power parameters on the outgoing side of the transformer, such as: three-phase voltage, current, active power, reactive power, and power factor , Frequency, active power, etc. As shown below:

系統(tǒng)一次圖 System diagram

遙信和遙測(cè)報(bào)警功能，主要完成對(duì)低壓各出線回路的開關(guān)運(yùn)行狀態(tài)和負(fù)載進(jìn)線監(jiān)控，對(duì)開關(guān)變位和負(fù)載越限彈出報(bào)警界面指示具體的報(bào)警位置并聲音報(bào)警，提醒值班人員及時(shí)處理。負(fù)載越限值在相應(yīng)權(quán)限下可自由設(shè)置。具備歷史查詢功能。

The remote signaling and remote measurement alarm function mainly completes the monitoring of the switch operation status of the low-voltage outlet circuits and the load incoming line. The pop-up alarm interface for switch displacement and load limit violations indicates the specific alarm location and sounds the alarm to remind the duty personnel to deal with it in time. The load limit can be set freely under the corresponding authority. With historical query function.

事件告警記錄功能，主要完成對(duì)查詢時(shí)間段內(nèi)出現(xiàn)的報(bào)警信息事件記錄以及發(fā)生時(shí)間，為值班人員提供依據(jù)并且分析事故發(fā)生的原因。

The event alarm recording function mainly completes the recording of the alarm information and the occurrence time of the alarm information that occurred during the query time period, and provides the basis for the staff on duty and analyzes the cause of the accident.

參數(shù)抄表功能，主要對(duì)低壓各出線回路的電參數(shù)進(jìn)線查詢。支持任意時(shí)刻電參數(shù)查詢，具備數(shù)據(jù)導(dǎo)出和報(bào)表打印等功能。該報(bào)表查詢一科大廈樓層配電箱進(jìn)出線各低壓回路的電參數(shù)，主要包括：三相電流、有功功率和有功電度。該報(bào)表各回路名稱和數(shù)據(jù)庫關(guān)聯(lián)，方便用戶修改回路名稱。如下圖所示

Parameter meter reading function, mainly to query the electrical parameters of the low-voltage outgoing circuit. Supports electrical parameter query at any time, with functions such as data export and report printing. This report queries the electrical parameters of the low-voltage circuits of the incoming and outgoing lines of the distribution box on the floor of the Yike Building, mainly including: three-phase current, active power and active energy. The name of each circuit in this report is associated with the database, which is convenient for users to modify the name of the circuit. As shown below

電參數(shù)抄表Electric parameter reading

用電量報(bào)表功能，可選擇時(shí)間段進(jìn)行查詢，支持任意時(shí)間段電度累計(jì)查詢，具備數(shù)據(jù)導(dǎo)出和報(bào)表打印等功能。為值班人員提供了準(zhǔn)確可靠的電能報(bào)表。該報(bào)表各回路名稱和數(shù)據(jù)庫關(guān)聯(lián)，方便用戶修改回路名稱。如下圖所示，顯示辦公樓實(shí)驗(yàn)樓配電回路的準(zhǔn)確用電量，用戶可以直接打印報(bào)表，可以以EXCEL格式另存到其他位置。 如下圖所示：

The power consumption report function can select the time period for query, supports the cumulative query of the power consumption at any time period, and has the functions of data export and report printing. Provide accurate and reliable electric energy report for the staff on duty. The name of each circuit in this report is associated with the database, which is convenient for users to modify the name of the circuit. As shown in the figure below, it shows the accurate power consumption of the power distribution circuit in the laboratory building of the office building. Users can directly print the report and save it to other locations in EXCEL format. As shown below:

電能報(bào)表Energy report

系統(tǒng)通訊結(jié)構(gòu)示意圖，主要顯示系統(tǒng)的組網(wǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)，系統(tǒng)采用分層分布式結(jié)構(gòu)，同時(shí)監(jiān)測(cè)間隔層設(shè)備的通信狀態(tài)。紅色表示通訊正常，綠色表示通訊故障。下圖為變電所通訊狀態(tài)示意圖。

A schematic diagram of the system communication structure, which mainly shows the network structure of the system. The system adopts a hierarchical distributed structure and monitors the communication status of the bay layer equipment. Red indicates that the communication is normal, and green indicates that the communication is faulty. The figure below is a schematic diagram of the communication status of the substation.

通訊結(jié)構(gòu)示意圖 Communication structure diagram 

負(fù)荷趨勢(shì)曲線界面中可直觀的查看回路的負(fù)荷運(yùn)行情況。查看實(shí)時(shí)和歷史趨勢(shì)曲線，點(diǎn)擊畫面相應(yīng)按鈕或菜單項(xiàng)可以完成相應(yīng)功能的切換；幫助用戶進(jìn)線趨勢(shì)分析和故障追憶，具備曲線打印功能。為分析整個(gè)系統(tǒng)的運(yùn)行狀況提供了直觀而方便的軟件支持。

In the load trend curve interface, the load operation of the loop can be viewed intuitively. View real-time and historical trend curves, click the corresponding button or menu item on the screen to complete the switch of the corresponding function; help users to enter the line trend analysis and fault recall, with the curve printing function. Provides intuitive and convenient software support for analyzing the operating status of the entire system.

4 結(jié)束語 Summary

在當(dāng)今配電設(shè)施的應(yīng)用中，配電安全性至關(guān)重要，本文介紹的Acrel-3000電能管理系統(tǒng)在商業(yè)廣場(chǎng)項(xiàng)目的應(yīng)用，可以實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)供配電回路用電的實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)控，不僅能顯示回路用電狀況，還具有網(wǎng)絡(luò)通訊功能，可以與串口服務(wù)器、計(jì)算機(jī)等組成電能管理系統(tǒng)。系統(tǒng)實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)采集數(shù)據(jù)的分析、處理，實(shí)時(shí)顯示配電房?jī)?nèi)各配電回路的運(yùn)行狀態(tài)，對(duì)負(fù)載越限具有彈出報(bào)警對(duì)話框、語音提示，并生成各種電能報(bào)表、分析曲線、圖形等，便于電能的遠(yuǎn)程抄表以及分析、研究，該系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行安全、可靠、穩(wěn)定，為商業(yè)廣場(chǎng)項(xiàng)目解決用電問題提供了安全可靠的依據(jù)，取得了較好的企業(yè)效益。

In the application of today’s power distribution facilities, power distribution safety is of the utmost importance. The application of the Acrel-3000 power management system introduced in this article in the commercial plaza project can realize real-time monitoring of the power consumption of the power supply and distribution circuit, not only can display the circuit The power consumption status also has the function of network communication, which can form an electric energy management system with serial server, computer, etc. The system realizes the analysis and processing of the collected data, real-time display of the operating status of each power distribution circuit in the power distribution room, pop-up alarm dialogs, voice prompts for load overruns, and generates various energy reports, analysis curves, graphics, etc., It is convenient for remote meter reading, analysis and research of electric energy. The system is safe, reliable and stable in operation. It provides a safe and reliable basis for the commercial plaza project to solve electricity problems, and has achieved good corporate benefits.

參考文獻(xiàn) Bibliography

1.Technical requirements of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development[2008] No. 114.

2.Solutions for enterprise micro-grid system